原文標題：【拾美紀】下關(guān)沱茶——有一種馨香深入骨髓
?分享幾個日常生活中可能用到的地道表達（17）
第17期
場景：日本茶文化
適合與老外打交道的茶友們
無論是聚會，參展，賣茶等都能用上
掰扯兩句中日茶文化的對比，會大大加分哦~?
Here are two types of tea ceremony - the Chanoyu, sometimes called the Matcha, and the Sencha.
日本茶道有兩種，一種是茶の湯（有時也稱為抹茶），一種是煎茶。
【wikipedia】解釋：
In?Japanese, it is called?chanoyu?(茶の湯)?or?sadō, chadō?(茶道), while the manner in which it is performed, or the art of its performance, is called?(o)temae?([お]手前; [お]點前).?
引自：Surak, Kristin (2013).?Making Tea, Making Japan: Cultural Nationalism in Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p.?272.?ISBN?978-0-8047-7867-1.
The Chanoyu ceremony takes place in a wooden or bamboo teahouse called a Chashitsu.
日本茶道在木制或竹制的茶室進行。
【wikipedia】解釋：
A?chashitsu?(茶室, "tea room") in?Japanese?tradition is an architectural space designed to be used for?tea ceremony?(chanoyu) gatherings.?
引自：A Chanoyu Vocabulary: Practical Terms for the Way of Tea,?entry for ?chashitsu . Tankosha Publishing Co., 2007.
Tea is one of the most popular drinks in Japan and a tea ceremony is a very important and special event. It is a time to relax and enjoy the loveliness of the simple things around you.
在日本，茶是流行的飲品之一，茶道則非常重要和獨特。人們可以從中享受閑適與簡素之美。
干貨分享
分享UKTEA&INFUSIONS網(wǎng)站關(guān)于茶文化的系列文章之一，原文名為《Japanese Tea Ceremonies》。文章短小精煉，雖然沒有文化歷史的深度加持，但以老外的視角來看，也直截了當。
可用于整理對比。如果既看得懂，也能在適當場合隨口說出，甚好。（翻譯為意譯，僅供參考）
The garden around the teahouse is very simple with lots of green plants rather than flowers, a small rock garden, and a stream. A path winds its way through the garden leading to the teahouse. （茶室所在的院子非常簡約，巖石細流，綠茵環(huán)繞。院里子有一條蜿蜒小路通往茶室。）
First you must wait at the entrance to the garden until you are calm and ready to enter. The Teishu or tea master welcomes you when you are in the garden. He or she brings fresh water for you drink and to wash your hands. Now you follow the Teishu along the path to the teahouse. （心靜如水后方可進院，此時茶室的主人已在院里迎接。根據(jù)主人示意，客人先飲水后凈手，然后才沿著小路去茶室。）
【?Chanoyu World】解釋：
The Teishu?亭主, or “Master of the Pavilion” (for some reason Sekishu 席主 is not used here) is also known as “the East” or Tou 東. In modern Chinese it still means “owner; one who stands treat.” In Zen practice, the Abbot or retired Abbot lived in the “Eastern Hall 東堂” and was thus known as “Eastern Hall.” Even today, the properly built Zen main hall is known as the Abbot’s quarters or Hojo 方丈. The classical size of the Hojo is about 10 foot square which equals the size of the four and a half tatami room.
When doing temae the host has the guest on the right side. The guest might be seated on the left side, but then the temae is known as Gyakugatte.
Inside the teahouse, the Teishu makes the tea using powdered green tea called ?matcha . The tea is mixed with boiled water using a bamboo whisk and served in small bowls. （在茶室，主人把抹茶盛入小茶碗，倒沸水再用茶筅攪拌之，以示茶道。）
Guests sit on the floor around a low table. When the Teishu gives you your tea, bow, take your bowl with your left hand, and then hold it with your right hand.?Place the bowl in front of you and turn it to the right so that you don t drink from the side that was facing you. Usually the Teishu gives you a sweet cake or a mochi to eat as well because the tea is bitter. （客人圍著低腳茶桌席地而坐，鞠躬后，用左手接主人遞的茶碗，再換到右手端之?？腿诵枵鎸χ柰氩⒂肄D(zhuǎn)之，以防有圖案的一面被喝掉。通常，主人備有甜點或糯米團以解茶之苦味。）
When you have finished your tea turn the bowl to the left and place it on the table in front of you - you must drink it all! You turn the bowl to show the Teishu respect: it means that the edge of the cup he gave you was the best, but you are not good enough to drink from that side. Sometimes the guests share one bowl that they pass around. （飲畢，左轉(zhuǎn)茶碗并奉還到茶桌上，以示尊重。意思是，主人遞給客人杯子的那一面是最好的，你答謝其用心所以轉(zhuǎn)而飲之，再轉(zhuǎn)而還之。有時，客人們輪流傳遞用同一個茶碗。）
The Sencha ceremony, is more relaxed than the Chanoyu ceremony. The rules for serving the tea are traditional but the occasion is more easy-going for the tea drinkers. （相比抹茶，煎茶偏靈活。雖然奉茶的講究很傳統(tǒng)，但對客人來說，環(huán)境和場合更輕松一些。）
【wikipedia】解釋：
Sencha?(煎茶) is a type of Japanese?ryokucha?(緑茶,?green tea) which is prepared by infusing the processed whole tea leaves in hot water.
?This is as opposed to?matcha?(抹茶), powdered Japanese green tea, where the green tea powder is mixed with hot water and therefore the leaf itself is included in the beverage. Sencha is the most popular tea in Japan.
Most people in Japan don t have their own teahouse but they often belong to a ?tea club ?where they go every week to take part in the tea ceremony. （大部分日本人沒有自己的茶室，但他們往往是協(xié)會成員，每周相約茶道。）
這篇文章雖然沒把日本茶道鋪開來講，但可與中國茶文化，韓國茶文化，俄羅斯茶文化等對比理解（后兩者下期更新）。了解中國茶文化可點擊：茶相關(guān)的幾個英語表達 - 茶文化與茶相關(guān)的幾個英語表達 - 茶文化（這是兩篇哦~，名字一樣內(nèi)容互補）
1.?不定期更新tea time，內(nèi)容選自native speaker的原文片段。
2.?適合與老外交流茶葉的小伙伴，可增強茶葉方面的日常英語積累和表達。
3.?招募小伙伴一起玩兒茶。有激情和熱情，有想法又會玩的你，歡迎隨時私信。
4.?（空一行，等你一起來寫喲~）
整理：木禾火
photo from pinterest
蓋碗是陶、瓷燒制的，由茶碗、茶蓋、茶船三件套組成，在茶事中廣泛使用蓋碗又稱「三才碗」所謂三才即天、地、人
往玄里說：
茶蓋在上謂之天，茶托在下謂之地，茶碗居中是為人
這么一副小小的茶具便寄寓了一個小天地，一個小宇宙，也包含了古代哲人講的“天蓋之，地載之，人育之”的道理
實惠點講：
三件頭「蓋碗」中的茶船作用尤妙，茶碗上大下小，承以茶船增強了穩(wěn)定感，也確不易傾覆
唐代有雛形，一直到清代定型，小小蓋碗穿越數(shù)百年才有今天三位一體的模樣——一盞、一蓋、一碟式的蓋碗
①茶盞小于茶碗，且上大下小，注水方便，易于讓茶葉沉淀于底，添水時茶葉翻滾，易于泡出茶汁；
②上有隆起的茶蓋，而蓋沿小于盅口，不易滑跌，便于凝聚茶香，還可用來遮擋茶沫，飲茶時不使茶沫沾唇；
③有了茶托不會燙手，也可防止從茶盅溢出的水打濕衣服，因而在客來敬茶的禮儀上，以蓋碗茶敬客更具敬意；
④用有蓋的碗作飲具，保溫性更好
蓋碗形成之初不是用來沖泡的，她就是個直接飲用的杯子，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)「蓋碗」可作為「茶壺」使用，且非常實用
看湯色，辨濃度，觀葉底，簡單、明了、真實，因而蓋碗演變成了「沖泡期」，直至審評的專用器。
下面我們從網(wǎng)上搜集和根據(jù)操作實踐，為你提供了蓋碗泡茶操作圖片。
①?無論你是拿壺還是拿蓋碗，就算你是拿槍，第一點都是要放松，松而不懈的松，何為不懈？就是有控制
②?調(diào)整蓋與碗邊的出水縫隙，在不用濾網(wǎng)時尤其重要
③?這個動作決定燙不燙手，盡可能是端起來，不是拎起來，燙手很正常，我們泡的時候也會哦！
④?食指的動作可圈可直，每個人的手型不同，長短不一，適合就好（拿蓋碗的方式有幾種，這是最常用的方式
⑤?出湯要自然平滑轉(zhuǎn)動手腕，沉肩墜肘，如太極拳般氣運流暢
⑥?一氣呵成，出湯環(huán)節(jié)所有反關(guān)節(jié)的動作都有搔首弄姿的嫌疑，需杜絕將胳膊抬高
